Function words & particles
Pronouns, particles, conjunctions, prepositions and question words that hold sentences together.
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Word list: Function words & particles
Pronouns, particles, conjunctions, prepositions and question words that hold sentences together. Below you'll find all 216 words in simplified characters (with the traditional form where it differs), with pinyin and the English meaning. Click 🔊 to listen to the pronunciation.
HSK
Lists
| Chinese | Traditional | Pinyin | English | HSK | Actions: pronunciation, favourites, Interval Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 不 | bù | no | HSK 1 | ||
| 的 | de | (possessive particle, like 's) | HSK 1 | ||
| 多少 | duōshao | how much? (how many) | HSK 1 | ||
| 和 | hé | and | HSK 1 | ||
| 后面 | 後面 | hòumian | back (behind, location) | HSK 1 | |
| 会 | 會 | huì | can (learned skill); will | HSK 1 | |
| 几 | 幾 | jǐ | how many | HSK 1 | |
| 了 | le | (particle: completed action) | HSK 1 | ||
| 里 | 裡 | lǐ | inside | HSK 1 | |
| 吗 | 嗎 | ma | indicates a yes/no question | HSK 1 | |
| 没有 | 沒有 | méiyǒu | to not have; there is not | HSK 1 | |
| 哪 | nǎ | which | HSK 1 | ||
| 哪儿 | 哪兒 | nǎr | where? | HSK 1 | |
| 那 | nà | that | HSK 1 | ||
| 呢 | ne | indicates a question | HSK 1 | ||
| 能 | néng | can | HSK 1 | ||
| 你 | nǐ | you (singular) | HSK 1 | ||
| 前面 | qiánmiàn | in front | HSK 1 | ||
| 上 | shàng | on; above; up | HSK 1 | ||
| 谁 | 誰 | shéi | who | HSK 1 | |
| 什么 | 什麼 | shénme | what? | HSK 1 | |
| 是 | shì | to be (is, are) | HSK 1 | ||
| 他 | tā | he | HSK 1 | ||
| 她 | tā | she | HSK 1 | ||
| 我 | wǒ | I | HSK 1 | ||
| 我们 | 我們 | wǒmen | we | HSK 1 | |
| 下 | xià | below; down; next | HSK 1 | ||
| 有 | yǒu | to have; there is | HSK 1 | ||
| 在 | zài | at | HSK 1 | ||
| 怎么 | 怎麼 | zěnme | how? | HSK 1 | |
| 怎么样 | 怎麼樣 | zěnmeyàng | how about? | HSK 1 | |
| 这 | 這 | zhè | this | HSK 1 | |
| 吧 | ba | (particle for suggestions) | HSK 2 | ||
| 比 | bǐ | than (comparison); to compare | HSK 2 | ||
| 别 | 別 | bié | don't; other | HSK 2 | |
| 从 | 從 | cóng | from | HSK 2 | |
| 大家 | dàjiā | everyone | HSK 2 | ||
| 得 | de | (complement particle) | HSK 2 | ||
| 给 | 給 | gěi | to give | HSK 2 | |
| 过 | 過 | guò | (experience particle); to pass | HSK 2 | |
| 可以 | kěyǐ | can (may, permitted) | HSK 2 | ||
| 离 | 離 | lí | away from (distance); to leave | HSK 2 | |
| 您 | nín | you (polite) | HSK 2 | ||
| 旁边 | 旁邊 | pángbiān | beside; side | HSK 2 | |
| 让 | 讓 | ràng | to let; to make (sb do sth) | HSK 2 | |
| 虽然 | 雖然 | suīrán | although | HSK 2 | |
| 但是 | dànshì | but | HSK 2 | ||
| 它 | tā | it | HSK 2 | ||
| 外 | wài | outside; outer; foreign | HSK 2 | ||
| 往 | wǎng | towards; to (a direction) | HSK 2 | ||
| 为什么 | 為什麼 | wèishénme | why? | HSK 2 | |
| 要 | yào | to want | HSK 2 | ||
| 因为 | 因為 | yīnwèi | because | HSK 2 | |
| 所以 | suǒyǐ | so | HSK 2 | ||
| 右边 | 右邊 | yòubian | the right side | HSK 2 | |
| 着 | 著 | zhe | -ing | HSK 2 | |
| 左边 | 左邊 | zuǒbian | the left side | HSK 2 | |
| 啊 | a | ah | HSK 3 | ||
| 把 | bǎ | (object marker, puts object before verb) | HSK 3 | ||
| 被 | bèi | by | HSK 3 | ||
| 比较 | 比較 | bǐjiào | relatively; to compare | HSK 3 | |
| 不但 | búdàn | not only | HSK 3 | ||
| 而且 | érqiě | moreover | HSK 3 | ||
| 除了 | chúle | besides | HSK 3 | ||
| 地 | dì, de | (adverbial particle, -ly); ground | HSK 3 | ||
| 根据 | 根據 | gēnjù | according to | HSK 3 | |
| 跟 | gēn | with; and; to follow | HSK 3 | ||
| 关于 | 關於 | guānyú | about | HSK 3 | |
| 还是 | 還是 | háishi | or (in questions); still | HSK 3 | |
| 或者 | huòzhě | or | HSK 3 | ||
| 其他 | qítā | other | HSK 3 | ||
| 起来 | 起來 | qǐlai | to rise (get up) | HSK 3 | |
| 然后 | 然後 | ránhòu | then (afterwards, next) | HSK 3 | |
| 如果 | rúguǒ | if | HSK 3 | ||
| 为 | 為 | wèi | for | HSK 3 | |
| 为了 | 為了 | wèile | in order to | HSK 3 | |
| 向 | xiàng | towards; to | HSK 3 | ||
| 像 | xiàng | to be like; to resemble | HSK 3 | ||
| 一边 | 一邊 | yìbiān | while; at the same time; one side | HSK 3 | |
| 应该 | 應該 | yīnggāi | should | HSK 3 | |
| 只 | 只 / 隻 | zhī / zhǐ | only; measure word for animals | HSK 3 | |
| 只有 | zhǐyǒu | only if; only | HSK 3 | ||
| 才 | cái | only then; just; only | HSK 3 | ||
| 中间 | 中間 | zhōngjiān | center (middle, between) | HSK 3 | |
| 自己 | zìjǐ | oneself | HSK 3 | ||
| 按照 | ànzhào | according to (following rules/plans) | HSK 4 | ||
| 比如 | bǐrú | for example | HSK 4 | ||
| 并且 | 並且 | bìngqiě | and (moreover; joins clauses) | HSK 4 | |
| 不得不 | bù dé bù | have to | HSK 4 | ||
| 不管 | bùguǎn | no matter | HSK 4 | ||
| 不过 | 不過 | búguò | but; however; only | HSK 4 | |
| 不仅 | 不僅 | bùjǐn | not only (more formal) | HSK 4 | |
| 当 | 當 | dāng | to act as; when | HSK 4 | |
| 底 | dǐ | bottom | HSK 4 | ||
| 对面 | 對面 | duìmiàn | opposite (across from) | HSK 4 | |
| 对于 | 對於 | duìyú | regarding | HSK 4 | |
| 而 | ér | and (yet; written) | HSK 4 | ||
| 否则 | 否則 | fǒuzé | if not | HSK 4 | |
| 符合 | fúhé | to conform to; to be in keeping with | HSK 4 | ||
| 各 | gè | each; every; various | HSK 4 | ||
| 够 | 夠 | gòu | enough | HSK 4 | |
| 好像 | hǎoxiàng | to seem; as if | HSK 4 | ||
| 互相 | hùxiāng | mutually | HSK 4 | ||
| 即使 | jíshǐ | even if | HSK 4 | ||
| 既然 | jìrán | since (given that) | HSK 4 | ||
| 接着 | 接著 | jiēzhe | then; next; to continue | HSK 4 | |
| 尽管 | 儘管 | jǐnguǎn | despite | HSK 4 | |
| 可是 | kěshì | but (colloquial) | HSK 4 | ||
| 例如 | lìrú | for example (written) | HSK 4 | ||
| 连 | 連 | lián | even (even... also) | HSK 4 | |
| 另外 | lìngwài | another | HSK 4 | ||
| 难道 | 難道 | nándào | could it be that ...? | HSK 4 | |
| 内 | 內 | nèi | inside (inner; formal) | HSK 4 | |
| 其次 | qícì | next | HSK 4 | ||
| 其中 | qízhōng | among | HSK 4 | ||
| 却 | 卻 | què | but (yet; adverb after subject) | HSK 4 | |
| 然而 | rán'ér | however | HSK 4 | ||
| 任何 | rènhé | any | HSK 4 | ||
| 甚至 | shènzhì | even (to the point that) | HSK 4 | ||
| 使 | shǐ | to make; to cause; to use | HSK 4 | ||
| 是否 | shìfǒu | whether | HSK 4 | ||
| 首先 | shǒuxiān | first (first of all) | HSK 4 | ||
| 随着 | 隨著 | suízhe | along with | HSK 4 | |
| 通过 | 通過 | tōngguò | to pass; through; by means of | HSK 4 | |
| 无 | 無 | wú | have not | HSK 4 | |
| 无论 | 無論 | wúlùn | no matter what | HSK 4 | |
| 要是 | yàoshi | if (colloquial) | HSK 4 | ||
| 一切 | yíqiè | all (everything) | HSK 4 | ||
| 以 | yǐ | with; by means of; in order to | HSK 4 | ||
| 因此 | yīncǐ | therefore | HSK 4 | ||
| 由 | yóu | by; from; via | HSK 4 | ||
| 由于 | 由於 | yóuyú | due to | HSK 4 | |
| 于是 | 於是 | yúshì | as a result | HSK 4 | |
| 与 | 與 | yǔ | and (formal, written) | HSK 4 | |
| 咱们 | 咱們 | zánmen | we (incl. listener) | HSK 4 | |
| 之 | zhī | (literary) of; 's | HSK 4 | ||
| 只好 | zhǐhǎo | to have no choice but to | HSK 4 | ||
| 只要 | zhǐyào | so long as | HSK 4 | ||
| 彼此 | bǐcǐ | each other | HSK 5 | ||
| 不然 | bùrán | otherwise | HSK 5 | ||
| 不如 | bùrú | not as good as | HSK 5 | ||
| 朝 | cháo | towards; to face | HSK 5 | ||
| 趁 | chèn | while; to take advantage of | HSK 5 | ||
| 除非 | chúfēi | only if | HSK 5 | ||
| 此外 | cǐwài | besides (moreover, sentence-initial) | HSK 5 | ||
| 从而 | 從而 | cóng'ér | thus | HSK 5 | |
| 反而 | fǎn'ér | on the contrary | HSK 5 | ||
| 反正 | fǎnzhèng | anyway | HSK 5 | ||
| 仿佛 | 彷彿 | fǎngfú | as if; to seem | HSK 5 | |
| 非 | fēi | non- | HSK 5 | ||
| 各自 | gèzì | each (respective, on one's own) | HSK 5 | ||
| 怪不得 | guài bu de | no wonder (colloq.) | HSK 5 | ||
| 何必 | hébì | why should | HSK 5 | ||
| 何况 | 何況 | hékuàng | let alone | HSK 5 | |
| 假如 | jiǎrú | if (supposing) | HSK 5 | ||
| 可见 | 可見 | kějiàn | it can clearly be seen that | HSK 5 | |
| 某 | mǒu | a certain | HSK 5 | ||
| 哪怕 | nǎpà | even (if; no matter) | HSK 5 | ||
| 难怪 | 難怪 | nánguài | no wonder | HSK 5 | |
| 宁可 | 寧可 | nìngkě | would rather | HSK 5 | |
| 凭 | 憑 | píng | to rely on; based on | HSK 5 | |
| 其余 | 其餘 | qíyú | the others | HSK 5 | |
| 如何 | rúhé | how (in what way; written) | HSK 5 | ||
| 似的 | shìde | as if; like | HSK 5 | ||
| 说不定 | 說不定 | shuōbudìng | can't say for sure | HSK 5 | |
| 万一 | 萬一 | wànyī | just in case | HSK 5 | |
| 勿 | wù | do not | HSK 5 | ||
| 要不 | yàobù | otherwise (or else; how about) | HSK 5 | ||
| 一旦 | yídàn | once (sth. happens); if ever | HSK 5 | ||
| 以及 | yǐjí | as well as | HSK 5 | ||
| 因而 | yīn'ér | therefore (as a result; written) | HSK 5 | ||
| 与其 | 與其 | yǔqí | rather than | HSK 5 | |
| 则 | 則 | zé | then; in that case | HSK 5 | |
| 针对 | 針對 | zhēnduì | aimed at; targeting | HSK 5 | |
| 至于 | 至於 | zhìyú | as for | HSK 5 | |
| 自从 | 自從 | zìcóng | since; ever since | HSK 5 | |
| 总之 | 總之 | zǒngzhī | in a word | HSK 5 | |
| 作为 | 作為 | zuòwéi | as (in the role of); to regard as | HSK 5 | |
| 本人 | běnrén | oneself; in person; I (formal) | HSK 6 | ||
| 本身 | běnshēn | itself | HSK 6 | ||
| 甭 | béng | need not | HSK 6 | ||
| 并非 | 並非 | bìngfēi | is not (really) | HSK 6 | |
| 不顾 | 不顧 | búgù | in spite of | HSK 6 | |
| 除 | chú | besides (written; except) | HSK 6 | ||
| 大伙儿 | 大夥兒 | dàhuǒr | everyone (colloq., northern) | HSK 6 | |
| 而已 | éryǐ | that's all | HSK 6 | ||
| 凡是 | fánshì | every | HSK 6 | ||
| 反之 | fǎnzhī | conversely; otherwise | HSK 6 | ||
| 跟前 | gēnqián | in front of | HSK 6 | ||
| 固然 | gùrán | admittedly | HSK 6 | ||
| 归根到底 | 歸根到底 | guī gēn dào dǐ | in the final analysis | HSK 6 | |
| 即便 | jíbiàn | even if (more formal) | HSK 6 | ||
| 鉴于 | 鑑於 | jiànyú | in light of | HSK 6 | |
| 皆 | jiē | all (literary) | HSK 6 | ||
| 进而 | 進而 | jìn'ér | and then | HSK 6 | |
| 况且 | 況且 | kuàngqiě | moreover (besides; adds a reason) | HSK 6 | |
| 啦 | la | sentence-final particle (le + a) | HSK 6 | ||
| 连同 | 連同 | liántóng | together with | HSK 6 | |
| 嘛 | ma, má | (particle indicating obviousness) | HSK 6 | ||
| 免得 | miǎnde | so as not to (colloquial) | HSK 6 | ||
| 宁肯 | 寧肯 | nìngkěn | would rather (less common) | HSK 6 | |
| 宁愿 | 寧願 | nìngyuàn | would rather (prefer to) | HSK 6 | |
| 譬如 | pìrú | for example (literary) | HSK 6 | ||
| 人家 | rénjiā | other people (colloquial; they/I) | HSK 6 | ||
| 啥 | shá | what | HSK 6 | ||
| 尚且 | shàngqiě | even (… let alone) | HSK 6 | ||
| 倘若 | tǎngruò | provided that | HSK 6 | ||
| 依据 | 依據 | yījù | according to (on the basis of; formal) | HSK 6 | |
| 以便 | yǐbiàn | so that (in order to) | HSK 6 | ||
| 以免 | yǐmiǎn | so as not to (lest; written) | HSK 6 | ||
| 以至 | yǐzhì | down to | HSK 6 | ||
| 以致 | yǐzhì | so that (resulting in; negative) | HSK 6 | ||
| 犹如 | 猶如 | yóurú | just as | HSK 6 | |
| 咋 | zǎ | how; why (colloquial) | HSK 6 | ||
| 诸位 | 諸位 | zhūwèi | everyone (formal address) | HSK 6 | |
| 总而言之 | 總而言之 | zǒngéryánzhī | in short | HSK 6 |
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